中國景點 Tourist attraction in China (by Nicole)

萬里長城 The Great Wall of China

被譽為世界七大奇觀的萬里長城是現時中國最有名的歷史古跡和旅遊勝地。萬里長城是一連串由石頭、磚塊、木等材料等所造成的防禦長牆。

As one of the world's Seven Wonders, the Great Wall is now the top famous historical sites and tourist attractions in China. The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick as well as wood. 

萬里長城初建於春秋戰國時期。最初該處只有數塊小牆作防禦用途。其後泰始皇統一六國，他下令部下把不同的小牆被串連成來，並將其擴建成抵抗外敵的前線工具，長城因此而得來。經過不斷的維修、重建，長城逐漸建得愈來愈高、大和長。

The Great Wall of China was built in the "period of spring and autumn and warring states". Initially several small walls were built for defense purpose only. After Emperor Qin Shihuang unified the six states, he ordered the subordinates to connect the existing walls so as to make a long wall as defense against invasion. Thus the Great Wall of China was formed. The Great Wall was gradually built, repaired and reconstructed so as to make it much taller, bigger and longer. 

萬里長城由樓臺、關隘、城牆和烽火台造成，大大加強了其防禦功能和特色。

The defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire. 

萬里長城全長21,196公里。據說由於其又長又闊的特徵，萬里長城即使在太空亦能清楚看見其形狀。

The length of The Great Wall of China is 21,196 km. It is said that The Great Wall of China can still be seen very clearly even in the space because of its huge size and long length. 

由於大量人民於長城建造期間和戰事中死亡，成為長城下的亡魂，中國人十分「尊重」長城，並視長城為中國傳統精神的象徵-團結和犧牲。

Due to the large amount of dead created due to the construction and wars, Chinese respect the Great Wall of China and treat the wall as a kind of symbol of Chinese traditional spirit-United and Sacrifice. 

中國的國歌，義勇軍進行曲，亦有提及萬里長城的名字。歌詞如下:

The name of the Great Wall of China is also mentioned in the national anthem, March of the Volunteer. Followings are the lyrics:

起來！不願做奴隸的人們！

把我們的血肉，築成我們新的長城！

Arise! All those who don't want to be slaves!

Let our flesh and blood forge our new Great Wall!

中國有句古語: 不到長城非好漢。這句話含有鼓勵和讚揚的意思，是指能不畏堅苦勞累，爬上長城者都是好漢

There is a saying  “Who never climbed the Great Wall cannot be deemed a Man” .It is an encouragement and praise that somebody is courageous and persistent if he can climb the Great Wall.

萬里長城體現出中國不同的文化和精神，有機會的話我也想到長城看看呢！

The Great Wall of China shows different culture and spirits of China, I really want to have a visit if I have a chance!

中國篇 – 中國傳統食品 Chinese Traditional Food

中國篇 – 中國傳統食品 Chinese Traditional Food

說起中國傳統食品，最普遍又為人認識的，一定是點心。點心種類很多，

When Talking about the Chinese traditional food, the commonest and the most famous one should be Dim Sum. There are many kinds of Dim Sum.

 
如燒賣‵叉燒包等。外地遊客到中國，總要說上茶樓一趟，可見點心多受歡迎。
For example, dumplings, Bun with pork are the well-known two. The foreign visitors travel China, they would like to go Chinese traditional restaurants to have their meals.

其實，大部分中國傳統食品是根據節日而推出的，如中秋吃月餅，新年食瓜子等。至於好吃與否，則見人見智了。

Actually, most of Chinese traditional food is made due to the festivals in China. For instance, we eat mooncakes at mid-autumn festival, and we would eat seeds when it is Chinese New Year. But different people hold their different opinions about the taste of food.

另外，有些食物則具有地方特色。上海菜以蒸為主，川菜麻辣，卻各有各的支持者。
Also, there are local characteristics in some of food. Steaming is the brewing of Shang-Hai dishes. And the taste of Sichuan is mainly spicy etc.

They two have many supports.

 
中國發展急速，為了令食品更多元化，令食客更多選擇，中國餐館引入更多西方食品。

With the faster developing in China, it is easier for us to make choice to opt our dishes. Some of Chinese restaurants purchase much more western food.

雖然食客多了選擇，卻削弱了中國原有食品的競爭力：中秋時我們可能選擇雪糕月餅而放棄購買傳統月餅，正正為一例。

Although diners get more choices, the traditional food in China exists weakly and they are less-competitiveness. Take our habits at Mid-Autumn festival as an example, we sometimes buy mooncakes made by ice-cream and choose not to buy the tradition one.

日後，傳統食品會否繼續存在，還是一個值得關注的議題。
I am convinced that it is a key issue about the existence of the traditional food. And we should pay attention on it.

 

中國篇  - 中華文化 Chinese Culture

中華文化是世上最歷史悠久的文化之一，它在很多東亞地區上有著明顯影響，而其習俗隨著不同省份、城市而變化。
Chinese culture is one of the oldest cultures in the world. It is dominant among a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs varying between provinces and cities.

我今天要介紹的就是最重要的中華文化之一，儒家思想。
I am going to introduce one of the important components of Chinese culture, Confucianism.

儒家思想是由一位中國哲學家孔子發明和主張的一套思想道德準則。從春秋時期至今，它對中國人的普遍倫理道德、中國文化價值和價值觀都有著深刻的影響。在漢朝，儒家思想更成為了官方思想，慢慢變成中華民族的一種集體潛意識。
The thinking of the Confucian school is an ethical system developed and promoted by a Chinese philosopher Confucius. It brought great influence on common ethical rules, literacy and values of the Chinese from Spring and Autumn Period til now. During the Han Dynasty, it became the official state ideology, which gradually turned into subconsciousness of the Chinese.

倫理學是儒家思想的中心。中國人民以正直的倫理邏輯來觀察世界。在實際上，社會上每個人都應該實踐「五常」，也就是仁、義、禮、智和信。其實當中還有很多不同的元素，例如「四字」主張的忠、孝、節和義。
Humanism is at the core in Confucianism. The Chinese examines the world by using the logic of humanity which based on varying levels of honesty. In practice, the members of a society should practice the Five Constants, or the Wuchang, which are Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi and Xin. There are many other elements like Zhong, Xiao, Jie and Yi, which are the classical 'Sizi'. Among all elements, Ren, Humanism is fundamental.

倫理學上儒家的中心思想乃「仁」，他們講求自身修養和倫理道德。有一道黃金規則：「己所不欲、勿施於人」。此外，中國人亦注重人與人之間和諧的關係。
Ren is one of the basic virtues promoted by Confucius. What he emphasizes is self-cultivation and morality, in which the core idea is benevolence and righteousness. There is also a golden rule: "Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you."  In other words, Chinese people focuses on harmonious relationships.

在儒家思想下，中國人民應對待長輩要尊敬尊重，就如現時你可以看到九巴公司推廣的「關愛座」。這還有其他規則，例如朋友之間要言而有信、統治者要仁政廉潔、對待父母親屬要孝順等。
Under the Confucianism, the Chinese were taught to respect the elderly, and for instance, you can see 'Priority Seats' promoted by the KMB nowadays. There are other rules, such as 'be true to your own words with your friends' , 'be incorruptible if you're a ruler' and 'be loyal to your parents and relatives'.

這就是為何中華民族期待的社會秩序和道德觀！
This is why the Chinese expects politeness and morality in the society!

孔子 Confucius

By Candice Cheung

     

中國篇 - 重陽節 Chung Yeung Festival / Double Ninth Festival

Chung Yeung is coming!!!!!!! 

農曆九月初九是重陽節。這是一個很古老的節日,距今已有1,700多年歷史。在中國數字中,一、三、五、七、九為陽數:二、四、六、八則為陰數。因此 九月初九 被稱作重陽或重九。中國古代,重陽節是重要的節日,這一天要舉行各種活動,如:登高、賞菊、插茱萸和吃重陽糕等。

Chung Yeung Festival  falls on the ninth day of lunar month and has a history of more than 1,700 years. Among Chinese numbers, one, three, five, seven and nine are positive number and two, four, six and eight are negative ones. Thus, the ninth day of the ninth lunar monthis called ‘Double-positive’ or ‘Double-nine’. The Double-nine Festival sees various activities such as climbing a mountain, admiring chrysanthemums, wearing cornel (Cornus officals) and eating Double-nine cake, etc.

和大多數傳統節日一樣,重陽節也有古老的傳說。

As like As the majority of traditional festivals like, the Chung Yeung Festival also have an ancient legend.

相傳在東漢時期,汝河有個瘟魔,只要它一出現,家家就有人病倒,天天有人喪命,這一帶的百姓受盡了瘟魔的蹂躪。

Down in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a plague Ruhe devil, as long as it appeared, some people get sick every family, every day someone died, that the people who suffer with the disease ravaged by demons.

一場瘟疫奪走了青年恆景的父母,他自己也因病差點兒喪了命。病癒之後,他辭別了心愛的妻子和​​父老鄉親,決心出去訪仙學藝,為民除掉瘟魔。恆景四處訪師尋道,訪遍各地的名山高士,終於打聽到在東方有一座最古老的山,山上有一個法力無邊的仙長,恆景不畏艱險和路途的遙遠,在仙鶴指引下,終於找到了那座高山,找到了那個有著神奇法力的仙長,仙長為他的精神所感動,終於收留了恆景,並且教給他降妖劍術,還贈他一把降妖寶劍。恆景廢寢忘食苦練,終於練出了一身非凡的武藝。

A plague killing of the young Fuller's parents, his illness has killed almost lives. When fully recovered, he said goodbye a beloved wife and his people, determined to visit Xian Conservatory out, the people get rid of the plague demons. Fuller four division Seeking visit, visited every Goldsmith around the mountains, and finally asked to be one in the east of the oldest mountain, mountains have an almighty cent long, and Fuller all else a distant journey, under the guidance of the red-crowned cranes, finally found a rea​​lly tall mountains, which have found a miraculous powers of the immortals long, long cents for his spirit moved. finally accept the constant King, and he taught Spirit swordplay, he also donated a Spirit sword. Fuller clock drilling, and finally out of a training extraordinary boy.

這一天仙長把恆景叫到跟前說:“明天是九月初九,瘟魔又要出來作惡,你本領已經學成,應該回去為民除害了”。仙長送給恆景一包茱萸葉,一盅菊花酒,並且密授避邪用法,讓恆景騎著仙鶴趕回家去。

Put the angel long Fuller was called the Frontier, said : "Tomorrow is September 9th, the god of evil also has to do evil. you have skills studies, we should go back to the people from harm. " Sin Cheung gave Fuller a packet Cantleye leaves, chrysanthemums things without actually buying liquor, and protect them from evil secret delegated usage, Fuller rode a red-crowned cranes rushing home.

恆景回到家鄉,在九月初九的早晨,按仙長的叮囑把鄉親們領到了附近的一座山上,發給每人一片茱萸葉,一盅菊花酒,做好了降魔的準備。中午時分,隨著幾聲怪叫,瘟魔衝出汝河,但是瘟魔剛撲到山下,突然聞到陣陣茱萸奇香和菊花酒氣,便戛然止步,臉色突變,這時恆景手持降妖寶劍追下山來,幾個回合就把溫魔刺死劍下,從此九月初九登高避疫的風俗年復一年地流傳下來。梁人吳均在他的《續齊諧記》一書裡曾有此記載。

Fuller returned to his hometown, September 9th in the morning, according to Sin long urged folks get put in the vicinity of a mountain. Cantleye to each one leaves things without actually buying chrysanthemum wine, well overcome preparation. Around midday, as against the sharp , blast out Ruhe devil, but the devil blast just Pudao Hill, Wen sudden bursts of Cantleye Qi Hong and chrysanthemum alcohol, stop screeching halt, faces mutation, Then Fuller holding Lock sword down to recover, several rounds of the devil put to death Wen Jian, From then on September 9th assume avoid the outbreak of customs handed down year after year. Liang Wu is in his "Qi added harmonic mind," a book of those records.

後來人們就把重陽節登高的風俗看作是免災避禍的活動。另外,在中原人的傳統觀念中,雙九還是生命長久、健康長壽的意思,所以後來重陽節被立為才老人節。

Later, people will bring in the custom Festival assume a disaster is seen as a refuge activities. In addition, the Central Plains of traditional values​​, or double nine lives a long, healthy longevity mean, Therefore, later Festival will be established as a festival for the elderly. 

---

Two weeks later will be Chung Yeung Festival again! Although, it is a day for Chinese to commemorate their ancestors traditionally, but for me, this festival is just providing one day more for holiday with no celebration, since my family usually won't choose this day to commemorate our ancestors. Therefore, I will choose to go hiking with my family on this coming Chung Yeung Festival haha^_^

By. Dorothy

Analysis on news on its bilingual features

乌拉圭男子被困安第斯山四月 吃鼠求生终获救
Uruguayan man survives freezing four-month Andes ordeal

[ 2013-09-10 09:56]	来源：中国日报网
Mr Gomez Circunegui was found by Argentine officials and taken to hospital in San Juan

A Uruguayan man who went missing in May while trying to cross the Andes mountains from Chile to Argentina has been found alive, officials say. Raul Fernando Gomez Circunegui, 58, got lost in snowstorms after his motorbike broke down. He was found in a mountain shelter at an altitude of more than 2,800m (9,300ft) by Argentine officials. Mr Gomez survived by eating leftover supplies in the shelter and whatever else he could catch, including rats. He has been taken to hospital in an emaciated and dehydrated state, but is expected to make a full recovery. Argentine officials from the north-western province of San Juan stumbled across Mr Gomez after arriving in the area near the shelter by helicopter to record snow levels. An enfeebled Mr Gomez was able to open the shelter's door and alert the crew to his presence. "The truth is that this is a miracle. We still can't believe it," San Juan Governor Jose Luis Gioja told the local Diario de Cuyo newspaper. "We let him talk to his wife, his mother and his daughter... I asked him: 'Are you a believer?' He told me, 'no, but now I am.'" He is reported to have lost 20kg (44lb) during the ordeal and is dehydrated, according to media reports. A doctor who examined him was surprised by his resilience, according to Uruguayan newspaper El Pais. "He's a patient with high blood pressure, a history of smoking and signs of undernourishment," the doctor was quoted as saying. "But he's going to be fine and in a few days we're going to discharge him." Members of a Uruguayan rugby team famously survived sub-zero Andean temperatures for 72 days in 1972 by eating the bodies of other plane crash victims. They were travelling from Montevideo to Santiago to play against against a local team when their plane crashed. Sixteen of the 45 passengers survived. They were located after two passengers took a chance and left on a 10-day trek. They were spotted by a farmer who alerted the emergency services.

据英国广播公司9月9日报道，一名乌拉圭男子5月在安第斯山的暴风雪中迷路，在求生意志的支撑下，他吃下一切能吃的东西，包括老鼠，苦撑四个月后终于在9月8日奇迹般地获救了。 现年58岁的劳尔•费尔南多•戈麦斯•齐尔库纳吉5月骑摩托车从智利出发，试图穿越安第斯山脉抵达阿根廷。不幸的是，他的摩托车抛锚了，不久他也在暴风雪中迷失了方向。 接下来的日子里，戈麦斯依靠可以吃的一切东西活了下来，糖、葡萄干，“饥不择食”的他甚至吃下了老鼠。 阿根廷圣胡安省的官员意外地在海拔2800多米处的棚子里发现了他，当时他们正乘直升机在附近测量积雪。虚弱的戈麦斯打开棚子的门，发出了求救信号。 圣胡安省省长何塞•路易斯•焦亚告诉当地媒体：“这真是一个奇迹，我们仍然难以置信。我们让他跟他的妻子、母亲和女儿通了话。” 据当地媒体报道，由于艰苦的环境和脱水症状，戈麦斯的体重减了20公斤。他已经被送往医院接受治疗，其主治医生为他的顽强生存感到震惊。“他患有高血压，并且有吸烟史和营养不良迹象，但是他会好起来的，再过几天我们就会让他出院。” 1972年，乌拉圭橄榄球队成员所乘飞机失事，在零摄氏度以下的安第斯山被困了72天，他们通过吃其他遇难者的尸体活了下来。

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/news/2013-09/10/content_16956657.htm
________________________________________________________

Concepts applied:

1.      Media/ Title:

-different focus on the titles

乌拉圭男子被困安第斯山四月 吃鼠求生终获救
Uruguayan man survives freezing four-month Andes ordeal

-English one focuses on “Survives freezing four-month”

-Chinese seems to have one more focus “吃鼠eating rat”

2.      Transliteration
e.g. A Uruguayan man乌拉圭男子, Andes mountains 安第斯山

3.      Creative manipulation of linguistic resources
E.g. Mr Gomez survived by eating leftover supplies in the shelter and whatever else he could catch, including rats 接下来的日子里，戈麦斯依靠可以吃的一切东西活了下来，糖、葡萄干，“饥不择食”的他甚至吃下了老鼠。

eating leftover supplies/whatever else he could catch->“饥不择食”

4.      Ethnic minority media/ niche media

-Names of some media didn’t show in the Chinese version
San Juan Governor Jose Luis Gioja told the local Diario de Cuyo newspaper. 当地媒体

according to Uruguayan newspaper El Pais. 据当地媒体报道

5.      Editing and staging, mediated communication
-Editing the content of the passage
e.g.The last two paragraphs in the English passage had not been translated into Chinese.

6.      Re-contextualization

-Changing the structure of the passage

e.g. Order of several paragraphs was changed in the Chinese version.

7.      Commodified and resistance bilingualism

-the first paragraph of the two passages show difference

-the English one only show several details like who, when, what, where

-the first paragraph of Chinese newspaper shows a summary or some key points of the news.
-different in writing style/ different culture 

-BY Nicole 

Useful bilingual websites:
有用的雙語網站:

Chinadaily 中國日報網
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/

The Liberty Times 自由時報
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/jun/29/today-t1.htm

The above websites share latest news in both Chinese and English.
以上網址以中英對照分享最新新聞。

Cuyoo 酷悠
http://www.cuyoo.com/home/portal.php

The China Post 英文中國郵報
http://chinapost.com.tw/guidepost/

Here're the websites sharing bilingual news, writings and novels, etc.
這亦是分享雙語新聞、文章、小說等的網站。